Respiratory Protection at Work: Which Mask or Filter Should You Choose?
Why is respiratory protection important?
Dust, wood particles, welding fumes, paint and solvent vapours, as well as vapours from certain chemicals, can all damage the respiratory system -- often with the effects only becoming apparent years later in the form of chronic respiratory disease. When choosing the right equipment, the specific work process and workplace risk assessment should always be the basis, rather than habit or routine.
Filtering half masks (FFP): which class is suitable for what?
FFP1
The class with the lowest filtration efficiency, providing protection against mildly harmful, non-toxic dusts such as wood particles, gypsum and certain construction dusts.
FFP2
A general occupational safety choice for finer, more harmful dusts and aerosols, such as cement and certain metal dusts -- the most commonly used class.
FFP3
The class with the strictest filtration requirements, required for highly harmful or carcinogenic dusts and certain welding fumes.
Dust masks are available both with valves and without valves: a valve makes exhalation easier and reduces condensation, making it more comfortable for prolonged, continuous wear. However, in environments where unfiltered exhaled air must not be released freely, such as contamination-sensitive areas, a non-valved version is the appropriate choice.
Half masks and replaceable filters -- when are they a better choice?
If the hazard is not only solid dust but also vapour or gas -- such as solvents, paints, acidic or alkaline compounds, or ammonia -- a half mask with replaceable filters is a more flexible solution than a disposable dust mask. The letter marking on the filters indicates the type of substance group they provide protection against:
- A marking: organic vapours (solvents, thinners, adhesives, paints)
- E marking: acidic gases and vapours (e.g. sulphur dioxide)
- K marking: ammonia and ammonia derivatives
- Combined filters (e.g. ABEK or versions combined with a particulate filter): for situations where several hazards are present at the same time
The number indicates the filter capacity class -- the higher the number, the higher the concentration against which the filter provides protection. This should always be determined based on the product marking and the Safety Data Sheet (SDS).
How should you choose the right protection for the task?
The starting point should always be the workplace risk assessment: what substance is present, in what form (dust, vapour or gas), and at what concentration. For chemicals, the Safety Data Sheet specifies the recommended respiratory protection class. If there is any doubt about selecting the correct type, follow the manufacturer’s instructions for use and product markings rather than relying on previous habits.
Practical tips for correct use
- Always choose an FFP class (FFP1/FFP2/FFP3) or filter type (A/E/K/combined) that matches the hazard identified in the risk assessment.
- Check the fit before every use -- facial hair or incorrectly adjusted straps can significantly reduce the seal.
- A valved mask is more comfortable for prolonged wear, but only use it in environments where it does not pose a risk to others.
- Replace the filter according to the manufacturer’s instructions, or immediately if breathing resistance increases or you notice breakthrough odours.
- Store unused filters in an airtight container to prevent loss of capacity.
- For work involving dust or chemicals, respiratory protection should also be combined with eye protection -- in many cases both are required.
Based on the results of the risk assessment, browse our dust masks, half masks with replaceable filters, or view the available filter cartridges by type, then compare the product marking with the hazard associated with your own work process.